No, there is no way to find what the player has set his viewdistance to in his options I'm afraid. Of course, he can always just open up the options and change it himself, but that isn't what you're after.
Keep in mind that another, better way to limit the player's view distance is with fog, via the setfog command. That way the player can't just change it himself, if you are trying to keep his view distance low.