Salutations!
The grid is merely a reference. You can even turn it off and obtain the same result.
What I do when working from scratch, almost always over a background image, is to insert a reference of scale in my bg image.
Let's say I'd like to model a Han Class Submarine from scratch. I'd first obtain the 3 views for the sub (Jane's guides and mil magazines are good sources). After scanning them I'd use photoshop to make the images proportional (in scale, height of sub has the same number of pixels in side and front views). Then, a trick: to draw a rectangle the lengh of the sub, as a reference, below the views and crop the image to that size. Adjust image size to make O2 compatible (powers of 2).
What's all that for??? well, I know that the sub is 100m long and the reference image is exactly the sub size. I just stablish that for this modelling section, grid scale will be 1 sq= 10m. I hit A and make the selection 10 squares long with the correct aspect...
I even model that rectangle I've drew on the botton of the reference in order to make it easy to reposition the bg image... (just in case I do not conclude my model in one section, since O2 doesn't save the bg image)
When done, I just 3D scale my model 10x and that's it.
In a nut shell: adopt a grid scale that meets your necessity and scale your model when done.
hope it helps
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Pako Ary